Maximising orchard productivity through effective pruning

Key Tips when Pruning Macadamia and Avocado Trees

Pruning an orchard is both a science and an art – it requires an understanding of tree biology and a strategic approach to maximise fruit yield and maintain orchard efficiency. Although macadamia and avocado trees have different growth patterns and pruning needs, certain principles apply across both crops.

According to Charles Henderson, Business Development Manager and Tree Professional at Husqvarna South Africa, successful pruning comes down to intentional, informed decisions. “It’s not just about removing branches – it’s about shaping the tree’s future in a way that supports healthier growth and better harvests,” he explains. “When done regularly and correctly, pruning can significantly boost both the quality and quantity of your yield.”

With that in mind, Henderson shares a few essential pruning guidelines that have been adapted for both macadamia and avocado orchards, which, although different, benefit from a similar approach to pruning:

1. Growth by Reduction

Pruning is a must. The risks of not pruning outweigh the risks of pruning incorrectly. Even imperfect pruning can stimulate new, bearing wood, whereas neglecting pruning can hinder production and fruit quality. Remember: you’re farming produce, not wood. The goal is to maximise harvest while minimising both long-term and short-term costs. Keep in mind that larger trees typically don’t produce more fruit than smaller, well-shaped trees, but do consume more water and nutrients.

2. Keep It Low

Why low trees work best:

• Spray Reach: Insects often rest in the tops of trees, where sprays can’t reach. Keeping your tree canopy within spray reach ensures better insect control and reduces costs.
• Harvest Access: The more challenging the fruit is to reach, the higher the cost of harvesting. For avocados, particularly, taller trees can increase the risk of injury to climbers. Keeping trees low reduces these risks and improves efficiency.

3. Let the Light in

When light is blocked from reaching the inner parts of the tree, the bearing wood dies back, creating an unproductive, hollow space within the tree. By “opening windows” in the canopy and allowing light into these areas, you can promote fruit production in a protected “safe zone.” This also helps with easier management, spraying, and harvesting.

4. Shaping with Purpose

Pruning shapes can vary, and no single shape is wrong. What matters is that your pruning team understands the purpose behind the shape they are creating. When they know the ‘why’ behind their actions, they can make better decisions in the field, even when you’re not there. Each tree is unique, so fostering this understanding is crucial for effective and independent decision-making.

5. Keep It Up

Consistency is key. Regular, lighter pruning can be done year-round and is preferable to large, irregular interventions later on. A consistent pruning schedule offers several advantages:

• Smaller (and cheaper) equipment gets the job done.
• Trees experience less stress, reducing the chances of an unproductive season.
• The risk of sunburn on trees is minimised.

6. Think Ahead

Before making any cut, carefully consider its long-term effects:

• Where will regrowth occur, and will it be productive? Vertical growth doesn’t bear fruit, but it is necessary for supporting lateral, bearing growth. Minimise vertical growth to optimise bearing wood.
• What other growth will be activated by your cut? Consider whether you’ll be able to manage any new growth that may emerge in the space you’ve created.

Pruning is an investment. While it’s essential for success, it must be carried out efficiently to maximise net outcomes. “A significant part of that efficiency lies in choosing the right tools,” says Henderson. “As farmers refine their pruning practices, tool manufacturers are innovating to meet these evolving needs. Husqvarna has risen to the challenge with their lightweight, versatile, and easy-to-maintain battery-powered pruning tools,” he adds. “Their quiet motors enhance in-field communication, allowing for more effective training. With long-lasting battery packs and affordable backup options, Husqvarna’s tools are designed for extended shifts and maximum productivity.”

“Ultimately, pruning isn’t just about cutting – it’s about cultivating a smarter, more sustainable orchard. With the right knowledge, techniques, and tools in hand, growers can set themselves up for long-term success, maximising both the quality and quantity of their harvest,” Henderson concludes.

To explore Husqvarna’s range of orchard management equipment, visit https://www.husqvarna.com/za/pruning-saws/